How Rome Inspired My Fantasy Writing: Ruins, Empire and Story Fuel

A week in Rome sparked fresh fantasy ideas, from the Colosseum and Vatican power symbols to Ostia Antica’s ruins, sculpture, empire, faith and memory.

I had one of those rare weeks where I didn’t write.

We spent the week in Rome. Not a writing trip. No laptop, no word counts, no “I’ll just make a few notes” that quietly turns into a chapter by accident. But when you write fantasy for a living, you can’t really switch that part of your brain off.

And Rome is ridiculous for story fuel.

Every corner gives you another ruin, statue, inscription, archway, or impossible piece of engineering, and every one of them is whispering something about power, empire, spectacle, faith, or the strange lengths people will go to make themselves permanent.

So yes. I came home with ideas.

The Colosseum is one of those places that feels unreal even while you’re standing in it. I kept trying to imagine sitting there two thousand years ago, packed in with tens of thousands of other people, watching gladiators kill each other for the afternoon’s entertainment.

As a fantasy writer, you can’t help thinking about the machinery behind that spectacle. Not the combat itself — the systems around it. Who pays. Who benefits. Who gets sacrificed. What it does to a culture when public violence becomes the default civic entertainment.

Cheery holiday thoughts, obviously.

The Forum gave me the same feeling. Walking through the bones of power. Temples, law courts, political spaces, monuments — all of it ruined, all of it still heavy with what it used to mean.

I’m always drawn to that gap. The distance between what something once claimed to be and what’s left of it.

The Vatican Museum was a mixed experience. As most of you know, I’m legally blind, and the Sistine Chapel’s lighting did me no favours. I couldn’t make out much of the imagery, and a lot of the detailed paintings were lost on me.

But I got a different kind of useful from it.

The scale. The wealth. The careful performance of sacred authority. The contrast between the Gospels (poverty, humility, washing other people’s feet) and the centuries of accumulated gold, marble, and gilded ceiling above your head. That gap again. What an institution claims to be versus what it actually became.

The Egyptian collection was a highlight, especially a magnificent Anubis statue.

My favourite part of the Vatican Museum wasn’t the Sistine Chapel.

It was the Popemobiles.

I genuinely loved them. There’s a whole section showing papal transport through the ages, from golden carriages to modern vehicles with raised bulletproof platforms. A golden carriage tells you one thing about power. A bulletproof glass box tells you something else entirely. Both are theatre. Both are how a ruler manages the distance between himself and the people watching.

I can already feel that feeding into the Ravenglass Universe somewhere. Not Popemobiles, unfortunately, but the question of how rulers present themselves to the public. What they sit in. What they wear. How high above the crowd they stand. How close they let anyone get. How much danger they’re willing to admit exists.

The kind of detail that makes a fantasy culture feel real.

My favourite place on the whole trip was Ostia Antica, the old Roman port at the mouth of the Tiber.

I’d been to Pompeii before. Astonishing, but heaving. Ostia Antica was quieter. Space to slow down and actually be there. We walked through streets, bathhouses, courtyards, old living spaces. The amphitheatre felt almost modern in its layout, which is a strange thing to say about something two thousand years old, but you could immediately understand how people gathered there.

That’s the thing that gets me. The past feels distant until you’re standing somewhere and realise people haven’t changed as much as we like to think. They still wanted entertainment, comfort, status, food, gossip, religion, beauty. Somewhere to sit. Somewhere to wash. Somewhere to be seen.

The museum at Ostia Antica was wonderful (and well-lit) so I could actually enjoy the exhibits. As some of you know, I studied history of art to PhD level, and worked at the Henry Moore Institute in Leeds for a while, so the focus on sculptures meant I was in my element.

A good sculpture shows you what someone looked like.

A great sculpture shows you who they were.

There were portraits, reliefs, sarcophagi, mythological figures. A statue of Minerva I keep thinking about a week later.

There’s something about sculpture that feels especially useful for fantasy. It carries memory. It turns people into symbols. It can flatter, distort, preserve, threaten, or haunt. Statues in fantasy worlds shouldn’t just stand in courtyards looking decorative. They should tell you what a culture values, what it fears, and what lies it tells about itself.

A rare week off writing, but not really a week off stories. I came home with ideas for scenes, settings, power structures, rituals, public spectacles, imperial symbols, and the ways empires try to make themselves look eternal.

Some of it will end up in the Ravenglass Universe.

That’s one of the great joys of writing fantasy. You look at our own history, with all its beauty and brutality, and ask what happens if you tilt the mirror slightly.

Rome tilted the mirror plenty.

And now, back to the writing.

How Fantasy Explores Empire, Conquest, and Moral Compromise

An exploration of colonial narratives in fantasy fiction, from conquest and ideology to rebellion and moral compromise.

Fantasy has long engaged with themes of conquest and resistance, from The Lord of the Rings and its quiet pastoral defiance of industrial power to modern stories that interrogate empire, occupation, and control.

These stories use invented worlds to ask familiar questions about who benefits from conquest and who pays the price.

As I wrote The Knight and the Rebel, I found myself increasingly focused on the systems that enable conquest and the human consequences of pushing back against them.

What began as a character-driven story grew into an examination of ideology, loyalty, and moral compromise.

The Colonial Narrative in Fantasy

Colonial narratives in fantasy often follow a recognisable pattern.

An advanced civilisation arrives, declares itself more enlightened, and imposes order on people deemed backward or unruly.

The Ostreich Empire operates on this exact logic.

Its leaders sincerely believe they are improving Wiete through law, structure, and stability.

From within the Empire, conquest is framed as duty rather than violence.

Through Ragnar’s perspective, the reader experiences how persuasive this worldview can be.

He is rewarded, honoured, and elevated, which makes the system feel just even as it tightens its grip.

The Empire does not rely on swords alone.

It relies on language, incentives, and the promise of belonging.

Examples of Challenging Colonial Tropes

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Some of the most compelling modern fantasy actively pushes against traditional colonial assumptions.

The Broken Earth trilogy presents oppression as structural and inescapable, forcing characters to survive inside systems designed to crush them.

Power in these books is never neutral, and survival often requires moral sacrifice.

The Priory of the Orange Tree shows how religion and history are shaped to justify domination.

Its ruling powers define civilisation on their own terms, then punish those who fall outside that definition.

These stories, like The Knight and the Rebel, examine how colonisation reshapes both identity and allegiance.

Writing Resistance in Fantasy

Writing resistance carries its own challenges.

It is tempting to present rebellion as noble and clean.

That version rarely feels honest.

Through Maja’s chapters, resistance appears messy, frightening, and fuelled by necessity rather than idealism.

People fight because survival leaves them no alternative.

Hope exists, but it is fragile and often compromised.

The Dandelion Dynasty captures this tension with particular clarity.

Revolution in that series brings freedom alongside loss, distortion, and unintended consequences.

The Moral Challenges of Resistance

One of my central concerns was how resistance movements risk becoming what they oppose.

Maja’s alliance with Asgar is not born of trust.

It is a calculation made under pressure.

She understands that his brutality may achieve results that restraint cannot.

At the same time, she fears what accepting his help might turn her into.

This tension reflects real historical struggles where moral certainty erodes under prolonged conflict.

Survival often demands choices that leave lasting scars.

The Role of Local Elites in Colonial Control

Colonial power rarely functions without cooperation from within.

Empires depend on local figures who benefit from alignment.

Ragnar’s knighthood serves this purpose.

His elevation signals legitimacy to the conquered population.

It suggests that the Empire rewards loyalty and recognises merit.

In reality, it binds Ragnar more tightly to Imperial goals.

This dynamic mirrors historical strategies where colonial authorities ruled through layered systems of favour and obligation.

Fantasy as a Lens for Colonialism

Fantasy provides distance that makes these themes easier to confront.

Worldbuilding allows writers to examine domination without recreating specific historical trauma.

In The Knight and the Rebel, mental influence and psychological control operate as metaphors for ideological pressure.

Power works by reshaping belief as much as behaviour.

Those under its influence often feel they are acting freely.

Showing Both Sides of Colonialism

Some readers have asked why the story follows both Ragnar and Maja rather than focusing solely on resistance.

Colonialism cannot be understood from one angle alone.

Ragnar shows how ordinary people justify participation in harmful systems.

Maja shows the cost of those justifications on real lives.

Placing these perspectives side by side exposes the gap between intention and consequence.

Modern Fantasy and Colonial Themes

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Contemporary fantasy increasingly addresses conquest beyond the battlefield.

Culture, language, and belief now sit at the centre of many narratives.

The Poppy War confronts imperial violence and the personal toll of weaponised ideology.

The Daevabad Trilogy examines how power survives through tradition, faith, and selective memory.

These stories treat colonisation as a lived condition rather than a backdrop for adventure.

Fantasy’s Tools for Examining Power

Fantasy offers tools that realism often cannot.

Magic can represent technological dominance or cultural authority.

Invented species allow difference to be examined without direct analogy.

Created religions show how belief systems become instruments of control.

These elements make abstract systems visible at a human scale.

The Impact of Colonialism in The Knight and the Rebel

In The Knight and the Rebel, colonialism touches every character.

There are collaborators who believe they are doing good.

There are resistors who accept moral damage to survive.

No one emerges untouched.

There are no simple heroes and no clean victories.

If fantasy helps us recognise these patterns in safer forms, it may also sharpen how we see them in our own world.

Share Your Thoughts

Which fantasy stories have shaped how you think about empire and resistance?

Where do you feel the genre succeeds or falls short when handling these themes?

I would love to hear your thoughts in the comments below.

Colonial Themes in Fantasy: A Deeper Look

Explore how colonialism shapes fantasy worlds, from conquest and resistance to moral complexities. Learn how fantasy reflects the human cost of empire and rebellion, offering fresh perspectives on history and power.

Fantasy has long engaged with themes of conquest and resistance, from Tolkien’s hobbits facing industrialisation to modern works exploring the complexities of empire and colonisation.

As I wrote The Knight and the Rebel, I became deeply immersed in these themes, examining both the machinery of conquest and the human cost of resistance.

The Colonial Narrative in Fantasy

Colonial narratives in fantasy often follow familiar patterns—an advanced civilisation imposes its will on “lesser” peoples under the guise of progress.

The Ostreich Empire in my story operates on this principle, genuinely believing they’re bringing civilisation to Wiete.

Through Ragnar’s perspective, we see how this ideology seduces even those who might question it.

The Empire doesn’t conquer solely with swords; it conquers with ideas, promises of progress, and power.

Examples of Subverting Colonial Tropes

N.K. Jemisin’s Broken Earth trilogy powerfully examines systemic oppression through a fantasy lens, inverting traditional colonial narratives.

Samantha Shannon’s The Priory of the Orange Tree explores how colonial powers wield religion and “civilisation” to justify conquest.

These works, like The Knight and the Rebel, show how colonisation impacts both the conqueror and the conquered, reshaping identities and loyalties.

Writing Resistance in Fantasy

Writing resistance is equally complex.

Through Maja’s chapters, I wanted to portray the harsh reality of fighting against overwhelming odds.

Resistance isn’t glorious—it’s desperate people making desperate choices.

Ken Liu’s Dandelion Dynasty series captures this dynamic, exploring how rebellion shapes and sometimes distorts those who fight for freedom.

The Moral Challenges of Resistance

I was particularly interested in how resistance movements can become corrupted by their own methods.

Maja aligns herself with Asgar, knowing his brutality might aid her cause but wrestling with the moral cost.

This reflects real historical resistance movements grappling with questions of acceptable violence and moral compromise.

The Role of Local Elites in Colonial Control

Another theme I explored was how colonial powers co-opt local elites to maintain control.

Ragnar’s elevation to knight isn’t merely personal—it’s a calculated move to legitimise Imperial rule.

This mirrors how real colonial powers worked through local authorities, creating intricate webs of loyalty and betrayal.

Fantasy as a Lens for Colonialism

Fantasy allows us to examine colonialism in ways that might feel too raw in historical fiction.

Through worldbuilding, we can analyse the mechanisms of conquest and the human cost of resistance.

The magic system in The Knight and the Rebel, focusing on mental influence and control, serves as a metaphor for how colonial powers manipulate both the conquered and their own people.

Showing Both Sides of Colonialism

Some readers have asked why I chose to show both perspectives rather than focusing solely on the resistance.

To understand colonialism, it’s essential to examine both sides.

Through Ragnar, we see how people justify their roles within oppressive systems.

Through Maja, we experience the devastating human cost of those justifications.

Modern Fantasy and Colonial Themes

Contemporary fantasy increasingly explores colonialism beyond military conquest, delving into culture, identity, and power.

Works like R.F. Kuang’s The Poppy War and S.A. Chakraborty’s Daevabad Trilogy highlight how conquest reshapes societies and individuals.

Fantasy’s Unique Tools for Exploration

Fantasy offers unique tools to explore colonialism.

Magic can symbolise technology or cultural power.

Fantasy races provide a way to examine differences without directly reflecting real-world ethnicities.

Invented religions and customs help illustrate cultural imperialism.

The Impact of Colonialism in The Knight and the Rebel

In The Knight and the Rebel, I aimed to show how colonialism affects everyone—coloniser and colonised, collaborator and resistor.

There are no clean hands in these struggles, no purely heroic choices.

By understanding these dynamics through fantasy, perhaps we can better confront them in our own world.

Share Your Thoughts

What colonial themes in fantasy have resonated with you?

How do you think the genre can better explore these complex issues?

Share your thoughts in the comments below.