Capers and Castles: A Guide to the 10 Must-Read Fantasy Novels Featuring Thieves

Discover the captivating world of thieves in fantasy novels. From daring heists to cunning schemes, these must-read books offer action, suspense, and thrilling twists. Explore the top picks that will keep you on the edge of your seat. #fantasybooks #thieves #mustreadnovels

Trial of Thieves by Jon Cronshaw

Fantasy novels often offer a unique twist to traditional crime stories, and tales about thieves are no exception.

Whether it’s a heist gone wrong, a daring escape, or a cunning scheme, these stories are full of action, suspense, and thrilling twists.

Here are ten must-read fantasy novels about thieves that will keep you on the edge of your seat:

1. “The Lies of Locke Lamora” by Scott Lynch.

Set in the city of Camorr, the Gentlemen Bastards series follows the adventures of Locke Lamora and his band of thieves. The books are filled with complex heists, daring escapes, and political machinations, and the characters are both lovable and deeply flawed. Lynch’s writing is sharp and witty, and the world of Camorr is a rich and fully realized setting.

2. “Thief of Time” by Terry Pratchett.

Set in Discworld, this novel follows the adventures of thief-turned-monk Lu-Tze and his journey to prevent Time itself from being stolen. Pratchett’s signature wit and humour shine in this book, making it a must-read for fans of his work.

3. “Six of Crows” by Leigh Bardugo.

Set in Bradugo’s Grishaverse, this story follows a group of six criminals hired for a nearly impossible heist. With a diverse cast of characters and fast-paced action, Six of Crows is a thrilling ride from start to finish.

4. “Farseer Trilogy” by Robin Hobb.

This classic fantasy series follows the story of FitzChivalry Farseer, an assassin and thief who is forced to navigate the dangerous world of the Six Duchies. Hobb’s writing is rich and descriptive, and the characters are complex and fully realized. Fitz is a compelling protagonist, and his adventures are both thrilling and thought-provoking.

5. “Riyria Revelations” by Michael J. Sullivan.

This six-book series follows the adventures of Royce and Hadrian, two thieves who find themselves caught up in a web of political intrigue and ancient magic. The witty banter between the two leads, combined with Sullivan’s intricate world-building and fast-paced action, make Riyria Revelations a must-read for fans of the genre.

6. “The Master Thief series” by Ben Hale.

A delightful romp through a world of thieves, con artists, and other unsavoury characters. The main character, Jute, is a street thief who finds himself drawn into a larger scheme that will test his skills and loyalty. The books are filled with twists and turns, and the writing is both witty and action-packed.

7. “Lightbringer series” by Brent Weeks.

This series follows the adventures of Gavin Guile, a powerful magician and master thief who must navigate the dangerous world of the Chromeria. Weeks’ writing is fast-paced and action-packed, and the world of the Chromeria is rich and complex. The characters are fully realized, and the twists and turns of the plot will keep you on the edge of your seat.

8. “Mistborn series” by Brandon Sanderson.

Set in the world of Scadrial, the Mistborn series follows the story of Vin, a young thief who discovers she has the ability to use magic. Sanderson’s writing is fast-paced and action-packed, and the world of Scadrial is rich and complex. Vin’s journey from street urchin to powerful Allomancer is both thrilling and heart-warming, and the twists and turns of the plot will keep you on the edge of your seat.

9. “Thief of Magic” by Trudi Canavan.

This second book in the Millennium’s Rule series follows the adventures of Rielle, a young thief who discovers she has a talent for magic.

10. “The Thief’s Gamble” by Juliet E. McKenna.

This book is the first in a series of novels that follow the adventures of Kaira, a young thief who finds herself caught up in a world of magic and political intrigue. With a strong and likable protagonist, fast-paced action, and intricate world-building, The Thief’s Gamble is a must-read.

If you love fantasy with thieves, you can get my novel Birth of Assassins for free as part of the Ravenglass Universe starter library.

The Twenty Best Magic Systems in Fantasy

Discover the top twenty coolest magic systems in fantasy literature, from Allomancy in Mistborn to The Force in Star Wars. Join us on a journey of wonder and imagination!

Magic systems in fantasy literature are like the spices in a curry, the kick in your favourite cocktail, or the jam in your doughnut (note to self: must order some doughnuts…and cocktails).

They’re the magical ingredient that makes the world feel truly fantastical.

Here, are some of the coolest magic systems that have graced the pages of fantasy literature.

Allomancy – Mistborn Series by Brandon Sanderson

Allomancy, featured in Brandon Sanderson’s Mistborn series, is a magic system that’s all about balance. The Allomancers ingest metals and ‘burn’ them to gain specific abilities. It’s like swallowing a coin and suddenly being able to jump over buildings. It’s all very scientific, you see.

The One Power – Wheel of Time by Robert Jordan

The One Power in Robert Jordan’s Wheel of Time is divided into male and female halves: Saidin and Saidar. It’s a bit like a magical tug of war, where balance and cooperation are key. Just remember, this one could lead to going mad, so don’t get too carried away.

Naming – The Kingkiller Chronicle by Patrick Rothfuss

In Patrick Rothfuss’s Kingkiller Chronicle, knowing something’s true name gives you power over it. It’s a bit like calling your dog by its full name when it’s been naughty. Except in this case, you could control the wind, fire, or even time itself. Now that’s powerful.

The Skill and The Wit – Farseer Trilogy by Robin Hobb

In Robin Hobb’s Farseer Trilogy, magic comes in two flavours: The Skill and The Wit. The Skill is all about telepathy and compulsion, while The Wit is a deeper, more primal magic that forges bonds with animals. It’s like being a magical Dr. Dolittle.

Lygari – The Broken Empire Series by Mark Lawrence

Lygari in Mark Lawrence’s Broken Empire series is a magic of manipulation. It involves bending reality to one’s will, like convincing the universe that gravity is merely a suggestion. It’s the perfect magic system for anyone who’s ever wanted to argue with physics and win.

Charter Magic – The Old Kingdom Series by Garth Nix

Charter Magic in Garth Nix’s Old Kingdom series involves drawing symbols to create spells. It’s a bit like magical calligraphy, where a beautifully drawn Charter Mark could save your life, or a poorly scribed one could turn you into a frog. So, remember to cross your ‘t’s and dot your ‘i’s!

 The Warrens – Malazan Book of the Fallen by Steven Erikson

The Warrens in Steven Erikson’s Malazan Book of the Fallen are a series of magical realms that mages draw power from. Each Warren is tied to a specific element or concept. It’s like having a magical timeshare, with the added bonus of cosmic power.

Hands of Power – Lightbringer Series by Brent Weeks

The Hands of Power in Brent Weeks’s Lightbringer Series involve turning light into physical substances. Each colour has different properties and uses. It’s like being a magical artist, only instead of painting a rainbow, you’re using one to conquer the world.

Orogeny – The Broken Earth Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin

In N.K. Jemisin’s Broken Earth Trilogy, Orogenes have the ability to manipulate thermal, kinetic, and related forms of energy to quell or create earthquakes, essentially making them living fault lines. This magic system is as much about geology as it is about power, making it a truly ground-breaking addition to the genre.

Glamour – The Glamourist Histories by Mary Robinette Kowal

In the Regency-era Glamourist Histories series by Mary Robinette Kowal, Glamour is a magic system that allows one to create illusions by manipulating strands of the ether. It’s like painting with light and heat, weaving them together to create a masterpiece of deception.

The Grisha Orders – Grishaverse by Leigh Bardugo

Leigh Bardugo’s Grishaverse presents a world where the Grisha, gifted individuals, possess the ability to manipulate matter at its most fundamental levels. Divided into three orders (Corporalki, Etherealki, and Materialki), the magic feels like a blend of science and art, with a dash of military discipline.

Elemental magic – Codex Alera Series by Jim Butcher

In the Codex Alera series by Jim Butcher, citizens can control elemental furies – spirits of earth, air, fire, water, and metal. It’s a captivating blend of Roman history and Pokémon-like creature collection, with a high-stakes twist.

Dust – His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman

In Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials, Dust isn’t just dirt. It’s a mysterious, elemental particle that is linked to consciousness and can reveal profound truths about the universe. It’s as if quantum physics had a magical, philosophical cousin.

The Lores – The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin

In N.K. Jemisin’s Inheritance Trilogy, godlings and gods can use one of four lores – Sieh (lore of childhood), Zhakkarn (lore of war), Kurue (lore of love), or Nahadoth (lore of chaos and change) to manipulate reality. It’s an epic, divine twist on the concept of ‘knowledge is power’.

Sympathy – The Kingkiller Chronicle by Patrick Rothfuss

Another magic system from The Kingkiller Chronicle is Sympathy, a scientific, almost mathematical system of magic. It involves creating a sympathetic link between two objects so that what happens to one happens to the other. It’s like the most complex, magical version of the domino effect you can imagine.

Thaumaturgy – The Craft Sequence by Max Gladstone

In Max Gladstone’s Craft Sequence, Thaumaturgy is a contractual magic powered by starlight and gods. Its practitioners, known as Craftsmen and Craftswomen, can manipulate energy, matter, time, space, and even souls—often via legalese. It’s as if a law degree came with a side order of reality-bending power.

The Discipline – Sword of Truth by Terry Goodkind

In Terry Goodkind’s Sword of Truth series, the Discipline isn’t just about self-control. It’s a state of mind that allows one to access and use Additive and Subtractive Magic. It’s like if meditation could unlock the ability to manipulate life, death, and everything in between.

The Four Disciplines – The Inheritance Cycle by Christopher Paolini

Next, we have the Four Disciplines from The Inheritance Cycle by Christopher Paolini. These involve the control of magic via the ancient language, the ability to transform matter, the ability to store energy in gems, and the power to enter and manipulate the minds of others. It’s a magical buffet that covers all the bases from mind control to energy manipulation.

The Deathly Hallows – Harry Potter Series by J.K. Rowling

There’s more to the Harry Potter series than waving wands and shouting Latin phrases. The Deathly Hallows, a trio of powerful magical artefacts, are a mere legend to most, but to others, they’re the ultimate magical upgrade. Cloak of invisibility, anyone?

The Force – Star Wars by George Lucas

Yes, Star Wars counts as fantasy literature. The Force, that mystical energy field that gives Jedi their power, is an iconic magic system. It’s essentially telekinesis, mind control, and precognition rolled into one. Use it wisely, young Padawan.

And there you have it – twenty of the coolest magic systems in fantasy literature.

Whether you’re a burgeoning wizard, a keen reader, or just appreciate a good magic system, we’ve got you covered.

After all, who needs reality when you can have magic?

Top Ten Assassins in Fantasy Literature You Need to Know About

Dive into the deadly realms of fantasy literature’s top assassins. From Arya Stark to FitzChivalry Farseer, explore their intriguing worlds.

I’d hazard a guess and say we’ve all thought about hiring an assassin from time to time, especially when someone nicks the last digestive biscuit.

But alas, they don’t often pop up in the Yellow Pages, and frankly, they don’t come cheap.

If you, like me, have a morbid fascination with these masters of shadow and intrigue, you’ll likely find these ten fantasy literature assassins a delightful bunch of homicidal maniacs.

FitzChivalry Farseer from Robin Hobb’s Farseer Trilogy

Fitz is the illegitimate son of a prince who gets handed the delightful job of royal assassin. It’s all fun and games until you have to murder for a living. Even with a name that sounds like a medieval dating service, Fitz is the bloke you’d want on your side. He does have a terrible knack for getting nearly killed, but who doesn’t love a trier?

Arya Stark from George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire

Arya has a hit list and she’s not afraid to use it. Who knew ‘Stick ‘em with the pointy end’ could be such profound life advice? Atta girl, Arya. Not all heroes wear capes. Some wear the faces of other people.

Vin from Brandon Sanderson‘s Mistborn Trilogy

Vin knows her way around a knife and a secret identity. A street urchin turned assassin, she’s proof that life can turn on a penny, or in her case, a coin. If you thought your teen years were tough, try adding ‘assassin-in-training’ to the mix.

Azoth/Kylar Stern from Brent Weeks’ Night Angel Trilogy

Azoth masters the deadly art of assassination under the mentorship of Durzo Blint. Durzo, by the way, is a lad who’s seen it all, done it all, and has the emotional capacity of a rock. Azoth’s rise from gutters to greatness is a tale to behold, especially for those who love a good ol’ rag-to-riches… or perhaps rag-to-homicidal-maniac story.

Jorg Ancrath from Mark Lawrence’s Broken Empire Trilogy

Jorg, the poster boy for troubled youth, is what happens when you mix a prince, a traumatic childhood and a lawless band of outlaws. He may not be a traditional assassin, but with his moral compass lodged somewhere south of ‘chaotic evil’, he certainly gets the job done.

Celaena Sardothien from Sarah J. Maas’s Throne of Glass Series

A badass with a taste for fashion, Celaena proves that one can indeed kill and look great doing it. Her speciality? Delivering death with a side of fabulous.

Severian from Gene Wolfe’s Book of the New Sun

 Not an assassin in the traditional sense, but as an executioner, Severian definitely has an intimate relationship with death. He’s got the melancholic brooding down to a fine art and a memory that’s sharper than his blade (or, so he would lead us to believe).

Jerek Mace from Michael Moorcock’s The Eternal Champion series

More of a warrior than a straight-up assassin, Jerek’s blighted life will have you laughing, crying, and questioning your own existential dread. Nothing like a bit of light-hearted anguish over a cuppa, right?

Locke Lamora from Scott Lynch’s Gentleman Bastard Series

He’s the cheeky chappy who could swipe the skin off a rice pudding and make it look like an accident. Less of an assassin, more of a con man, but let’s not split hairs. If there’s one thing to learn from Locke, it’s ‘why murder when you can manipulate?’

The Lady from Glen Cook’s The Black Company Series

She’s the epitome of ‘Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned.’ The Lady is a formidable sorceress with a casual side gig in ruling empires and killing dissidents. It’s multi-tasking at its finest.

So, there you have it. A smorgasbord of fantasy assassins who’ve spiced up our literary lives with their unique takes on professional homicide.

Just remember, the next time you get the urge to toss a blade at your annoying flatmate, maybe just settle for a strongly worded Post-It note.

Murder, as these characters have shown us, is rather a messy business.

If you enjoy reading about thieves and assassins, download my novel Birth of Assassins as part of your free Ravenglass Universe starter library!

Behind Every Hero: Notable Sidekicks in Epic Fantasy

Explore fantasy literature’s unsung heroes—the steadfast sidekicks. From hobbits to wolves, they shape narratives with loyalty, humour, and courage.

Sidekicks & Sundry: Memorable Aides-de-Camp in Fantasy Literature

Fantasy literature, with its entrancing realms and bewitching narratives, has forever been the refuge for those who crave a bit of magical escapism.

But let’s take a moment to tip our proverbial hats to the unsung heroes of these tales—the trusty sidekicks.

They may not always bask in the limelight, but we’d be hard-pressed to imagine our heroes traversing treacherous terrains or vanquishing dastardly villains without them.

Samwise Gamgee (The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien)

We’d be as forgetful as a goldfish to not mention our dear old Sam. This hobbit doesn’t just carry Frodo’s luggage, but on occasion, Frodo himself.

Who needs a GPS when you’ve got Samwise?

Armed with his unyielding loyalty, pot of potatoes (boil ‘em, mash ‘em, stick ‘em in a stew), and the odd heroic monologue, Samwise truly encapsulates the spirit of a fantasy sidekick.

Nighteyes (Farseer Trilogy by Robin Hobb)

Who wouldn’t want a wolf as a sidekick? Nighteyes, with his ancient wisdom and candid observations, steals the show in Robin Hobb’s Farseer Trilogy.

While Fitz might be the royal bastard with assassin skills, it’s Nighteyes who provides the emotional support, humour, and even philosophy.

Fancy a good telepathic chat? Look no further.

Jean Tannen (Gentleman Bastard Sequence by Scott Lynch)

Every con artist needs a reliable partner, and Jean Tannen fits the bill perfectly for Locke Lamora.

Jean isn’t just your token big guy with an axe but a scholar, strategist, and a dab hand at intricate swearing.

He’s the meticulous planner to Locke’s hasty schemes.

His loyalty is as unwavering as his love for fine brandy.

Without Jean, Locke would be as lost as a pirate in a desert.

Bitterblue (Graceling Realm Series by Kristin Cashore)

Introduced as a minor character in ‘Graceling,’ Bitterblue blooms into a steadfast sidekick in ‘Fire’ before seizing the main stage in her titular book.

She might be a queen, but her relentless quest for truth and justice, combined with her pragmatic approach, make her a superb sidekick.

Also, she manages to retain her royal dignity while dealing with mystical nonsense, which is quite a feat, isn’t it?

Tia (Aru Shah Series by Roshani Chokshi)

Tia, the pigeon who’s really a vahana (vehicle of a deity), adds a dash of plucky charm and sass to the Aru Shah Series.

Sure, Aru Shah’s reincarnation as a Pandava is pretty cool, but who can overlook a pigeon who can transmogrify into a flashy car and dispense sage advice, all while looking impeccably stylish?

Asha (The Priory of the Orange Tree by Samantha Shannon)

An epic fantasy by Samantha Shannon, ‘The Priory of the Orange Tree’ introduces us to Asha, a dragon slayer of repute and a steadfast ally.

 Asha provides an invigorating contrast to the courtly intrigues with her bluntness, courage, and a healthy dose of dragon-related badassery.

Wayne (Mistborn Series: Alloy of Law by Brandon Sanderson)

Wayne, an expert shapeshifter and quick-witted con artist, adds a dash of levity to the intense world of Brandon Sanderson’s Mistborn series.

 Armed with an impressive array of accents, a love for hats, and a bizarre sense of humour, Wayne serves as the perfect foil to the more serious Waxillium.

They’re the dynamic duo of the rough-and-tumble world of the Roughs.

Loial (The Wheel of Time Series by Robert Jordan)

Loial, the Ogier scholar from Robert Jordan’s sprawling ‘Wheel of Time’ series, is as endearing as sidekicks come.

This giant, book-loving, somewhat naïve character offers a softer and often humorous contrast to the tumultuous world around him.

Despite his peaceful nature, Loial is stalwart in his loyalty, proving time and again that there’s more to this gentle giant than meets the eye.

Gurton (The Axe and the Throne by M. D. Ireman)

‘Gruff yet tender-hearted’ could be the motto of Gurton, the loyal sidekick from M. D. Ireman’s ‘The Axe and the Throne.’

With his masterful skills in tracking and survival, Gurton is more than just a supporting player.

His unyielding loyalty and unexpected depths keep the readers engaged and rooting for him.

Sophronia (The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin)

Sophronia, a godling in a child’s form in N.K. Jemisin’s ‘The Inheritance Trilogy’ provides comic relief, poignant moments, and powerful insight.

While she might appear as a playful child, her wisdom and ability to see through deception add layers to her character, making her an unforgettable sidekick.

Syl (The Legacy Chronicle by T.J. Garrett)

The Legacy Chronicle gives us Syl, an impish sprite who accompanies the main character, Alex.

Witty, fun-loving, and full of surprises, Syl is the perfect counterpoint to the series’ darker elements.

We’ve heard of a light at the end of the tunnel, but a light leading you through a magical world? Now that’s special!

Finn (The Thief Who Pulled On Trouble’s Braids by Michael McClung)

In Michael McClung’s Amra Thetys series, Finn is the steadfast companion of the titular thief, Amra.

A wizard with a mysterious past, Finn brings a balanced mix of wisdom and levity to the adventure-filled narrative.

His faithfulness to Amra, despite her criminal lifestyle, adds a touching depth to his character.

Minalan’s Familiars (Spellmonger Series by Terry Mancour)

The Spellmonger series introduces us to an unconventional sort of sidekick—a group of magical familiars who assist Minalan the Spellmonger.

These familiars, including a feisty fay, a resourceful raven, and a motherly hawk, each contribute their unique magic and perspective, making Minalan’s adventures a magical delight.

Kestrel (Kings or Pawns by J.J. Sherwood)

Kestrel, a cheeky yet highly skilled thief from the Steps of Power series, serves as an engaging counterpoint to the seriousness of the royal intrigue surrounding him.

His unorthodox methods and quick wit bring a refreshing touch of humour to the narrative, making him a memorable sidekick in this epic tale.

Snickers (Legends of Dimmingwood series by C. Greenwood)

In C. Greenwood’s ‘Legends of Dimmingwood’ series, Snickers might be a squirrel, but he’s a loyal friend and companion to the series’ protagonist, Ilan.

Don’t underestimate this furry little chap—his keen senses and quick reactions often help Ilan out of sticky situations.

 Just goes to show, you don’t need to be big to make a big impact.

Bayaz (The First Law Trilogy by Joe Abercrombie)

Bayaz, the First of the Magi in Joe Abercrombie’s ‘The First Law’ Trilogy, may seem like a typical wise old wizard at first glance.

However, his mysterious past, hidden motives, and a decidedly manipulative streak add layers of complexity to his character.

He serves as a guiding light and occasional puppet master to the trilogy’s protagonists, ensuring that the narrative is anything but dull.

Falcio’s Greatcoats (The Greatcoats series by Sebastien de Castell)

Falcio’s companions, Kest and Brasti, in Sebastien de Castell’s ‘The Greatcoats’ series, form a trio that is truly greater than the sum of its parts.

They provide much-needed camaraderie, banter, and support for their leader, Falcio, making their adventures a delightful ride.

Their unwavering loyalty to each other and their shared cause makes them more than sidekicks—they are brothers in arms.

Kip’s Squad (Lightbringer Series by Brent Weeks)

In Brent Weeks’ ‘Lightbringer’ series, Kip’s squad of talented misfits serves as an engaging ensemble of sidekicks.

From the wise-cracking Gunner to the brave and resolute Teia, each member brings unique strengths to the table.

The dynamics within this diverse group are humorous, heartwarming, and at times, heart-wrenching, making them an unforgettable part of Kip’s journey.

Bronn (A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin)

Let’s turn to George R. R. Martin’s sprawling saga, ‘A Song of Ice and Fire.’

Bronn, the sellsword who becomes an unlikely sidekick to Tyrion Lannister, is a fan favourite.

His pragmatism, dry humour, and surprising loyalty to Tyrion provide a refreshing contrast to the intrigue-laden world of Westeros.

And who can forget his notable mantra, “I’ll stand for the dwarf?”

Iorek Byrnison (His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman)

In Philip Pullman’s ‘His Dark Materials’, Lyra’s journey wouldn’t be quite the same without the mighty Iorek Byrnison.

The Panserbjørne (armoured bear) adds muscle and an unusual wisdom to Lyra’s quest.

Also, he’s a giant talking bear who can make and mend armour, so he’s ticking quite a few boxes on the cool sidekick checklist.

Tasslehoff Burrfoot (Dragonlance Series by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman)

The Dragonlance series introduces us to Tasslehoff Burrfoot, a kender (a race akin to hobbits) whose curiosity and kleptomania often lead to humorous and unexpected situations.

Tasslehoff’s sense of adventure and knack for getting out of sticky situations make him a sidekick to remember.

He’s the kind of fellow who’d ‘borrow’ your keys, wallet, and possibly your socks, but you’d still want him around for his unwavering optimism and courage.

Calcifer (Howl’s Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones)

In Diana Wynne Jones’ ‘Howl’s Moving Castle’, the fire demon Calcifer plays a key role as a sidekick.

Calcifer powers the titular castle and aids the young protagonist, Sophie, in her quest to break her curse.

With his sarcastic humour and hints of a deeper, more complex past, Calcifer lights up the narrative—and not just because he’s a literal flame.

Jimmy the Hand (The Riftwar Saga by Raymond E. Feist)

From Raymond E. Feist’s ‘Riftwar Saga’, we have the charming and resourceful Jimmy the Hand.

This master thief may start as a minor character, but his courage, quick-thinking, and knack for getting in and out of trouble make him an unforgettable sidekick.

Whether he’s navigating the dangerous alleys of Krondor or the intrigues of court, Jimmy proves time and again that a clever mind can be as potent as any sword.

The Luggage (Discworld Series by Terry Pratchett)

Finally, where would a list of sidekicks be without The Luggage from Terry Pratchett’s brilliant Discworld series?

This sentient, multi-legged travel case made of Sapient Pearwood has been a loyal and, shall we say, ‘forceful’ companion to Rincewind the inept wizard.

Unflinchingly loyal, literally eating up foes, and offering an infinite amount of storage, The Luggage redefines the term ‘travel buddy.’

Each of these sidekicks, in their unique ways, enhances the epic narratives they are part of, providing support, camaraderie, humour, and occasionally, a reality check for our heroes. They may not be the ones wearing the crown or sitting on the throne, but their role in shaping the story is just as important, if not more so.

Who are your favourites? Share yours in the comments.

Friends in Fantasy: Unveiling the 10 Best Fictional Friendships

Explore the top friendships in fantasy literature! Uncover the bonds that define characters in Middle Earth, Hogwarts, and beyond.

Who doesn’t love friendship? Today we’re going to delve into the top-flight friendships in fantastical literature.

So, grab a cuppa, make yourself cosy (preferably with a dragon-sized pile of biscuits) and let’s explore ten of the best mates in fantasy books.

Frodo Baggins & Samwise Gamgee – The Lord of The Rings

Are you really surprised? It’s the fellowship that defines the word itself.

 Here we have Frodo, a hobbit with the weight of the world (or a rather heavy ring) on his shoulders, and Samwise, the gardener turned warrior, who probably didn’t even know what he was signing up for when he eavesdropped on Gandalf that fateful night.

Their friendship is the epitome of loyalty, the kind that lasts through a long, wearisome journey to Mount Doom.

Quite frankly, if your mate isn’t willing to carry you up a volcanic mountain while being hunted by a creepy, ring-obsessed creature, are they really your friend?

Harry Potter & Hermione Granger & Ronald Weasley – Harry Potter Series

It’s the magical trio that faced down You-Know-Who and lived to tell the tale.

Harry, Hermione, and Ron showed us the power of friendship, courage, and the importance of a well-placed “Expelliarmus!”

Sure, there were squabbles, moments of jealousy, and that one time Ron left in a huff (we’re still not over that, Ronald), but in the end, they always stuck together.

They faced trolls, death eaters, and even the occasional murderous teacher, proving that the power of friendship truly can conquer all – even an angst-ridden, snake-loving dark wizard.

 Lyra Belacqua & Pantalaimon – His Dark Materials

A girl and her daemon—Lyra and Pan are not just friends, they’re literally part of each other.

If that’s not a deep bond, I don’t know what is.

Pantalaimon, the shape-shifting animal embodiment of Lyra’s soul, is with her through thick and thin.

Their friendship shows us that sometimes, our best mate is our own true self (or our talking ermine, pine marten, moth, bird, whatever Pan fancies at the moment).

Locke Lamora & Jean Tannen – The Gentleman Bastard Series

A pair of thieves who would willingly die for each other, Locke and Jean are the definition of a bromance.

They lie, cheat, and steal, but they do it with such flair, you can’t help but find yourself cheering them on.

Their bond is as sturdy as Jean’s beloved hatchets and as intricate as one of Locke’s grand schemes.

If your idea of friendship involves elaborate heists, constant banter, and the occasional life-saving, this pair is for you.

Arya Stark & Sandor Clegane – A Song of Ice and Fire

An unconventional friendship, to say the least.

Arya, the fierce Stark girl, and Sandor, the gruff, scarred knight known as ‘The Hound.’

They teach each other lessons of survival and humanity.

Sure, they’re not popping over for tea and scones every Sunday, but they’ve got each other’s backs when it counts.

And really, isn’t that what friendship is all about?

FitzChivalry Farseer & The Fool – The Farseer Trilogy

This is a friendship that transcends the usual boundaries of camaraderie and ventures into the realm of the spiritual.

Fitz, the royal bastard, and The Fool, the court jester with a mysterious past, are as different as night and day, yet their bond is unbreakable.

They journey together through heartbreak, prophecy, and the occasional assassination attempt.

This is a friendship that shows us the power of understanding and acceptance, proving that our differences can often be our greatest strengths.

Vin & Elend Venture – Mistborn Trilogy

Initially, an alliance of convenience between a street thief and a nobleman, Vin and Elend’s relationship soon develops into a deep friendship and later a romantic relationship.

They challenge each other, learn from each other, and ultimately change each other in profound ways.

Their relationship is a testament to the power of trust and mutual respect.

It’s a reminder that sometimes, the most unexpected friendships are the ones that shape us the most.

Kvothe & Auri – The Kingkiller Chronicle

In a world full of magic, mystery, and music, the friendship between Kvothe, the gifted bard, and Auri, the enigmatic girl living beneath the University, stands out.

Their bond is gentle, respectful, and deeply touching.

Kvothe shows kindness and patience towards Auri’s peculiar ways, while Auri provides Kvothe a safe haven from his troubles.

Their friendship serves as a beacon of kindness in a world that often seems dark and unforgiving.

Geralt of Rivia & Dandelion – The Witcher Series

A witcher and a bard—an unlikely, yet captivating pair.

Geralt, the stoic monster-hunter, and Dandelion, the flamboyant troubadour, couldn’t be more different, yet their friendship endures through countless adventures and dangers.

While Geralt saves Dandelion from various physical threats, Dandelion often saves Geralt from his own cynicism, reminding him of the beauty and joy in the world.

Their friendship is a testament to the balance that opposites can bring to each other’s lives.

Sabriel & Mogget – The Old Kingdom Series

Last, but certainly not least, is the curious partnership between Sabriel, the Abhorsen-in-waiting, and Mogget, the mysterious cat-like being.

Their relationship is one of mutual respect and necessity more than affection, but it’s their banter and shared determination that really cement their friendship.

Mogget’s cryptic advice and quick wit often aid Sabriel in her dangerous quest, and while Mogget might not admit it, Sabriel’s steadfast courage and compassion likely save him just as often.

It’s a friendship that shows us sometimes, the best partnerships come from the most unexpected places.

So, whether it’s sharing an adventure, a laugh, or just a really good book, these friendships remind us that even in the midst of dragons, dark lords, or dystopias, having a mate by your side makes it all a bit more bearable.

Remember, a good friend will always pass you the next book in the series. But a best friend will buy you your own copy.

What are your favourite friendships in fantasy? Share yours in the comments.

How Robin Hobb’s Farseer Trilogy Changed the Fantasy Genre

Explore the deep impact of Robin Hobb’s Farseer Trilogy on modern fantasy literature, its character evolution and redefining portrayal of heroes.

Unbeknownst to some, the fantastical world of modern literature has a secret benefactor.

Robin Hobb, with her Farseer Trilogy, has bestowed riches upon the genre that would make Smaug blush.

Kicking things off with “Assassin’s Apprentice,” Hobb didn’t just open a book—she flung open the gates to a new realm of character development.

Our protagonist, FitzChivalry Farseer, doesn’t merely grow, he unfolds, evolves, and occasionally unravels, like a well-kept tapestry being slowly unveiled.

His journey from royal bastard to skilled assassin shows us that heroes don’t always come in shining armour or with a penchant for loquacious speeches about destiny.

Sometimes, they come with a complex past and an uncertainty about the future that feels remarkably human.

Before we knew it, “Royal Assassin” and “Assassin’s Quest” followed suit, guiding us through Fitz’s adventures and growth in an intricate world with more twists and turns than a hedge maze after a few sherries.

This focus on personal evolution and the realities of the human condition amidst high fantasy turned the genre on its head, and we’ve been doing headstands ever since.

While traditional fantasy was busy grappling with trolls and casting arcane spells, Hobb was subtly changing the game.

Her potent mix of complex characters, political intrigue, and emotional depth offered readers a fresh perspective.

Suddenly, a dragon wasn’t merely a fire-breathing lizard, but a symbol of our deepest desires and fears.

The once clear-cut lines between good and evil began to blur, just like in our everyday life, showing that the realm of fantasy isn’t so removed from reality after all.

It was this depth, this infusion of reality into a fantastical world that had a seismic impact on modern fantasy.

Today, you can see Hobb’s influence strewn across the genre like breadcrumbs in the Grimm’s tales.

Authors have started focusing on characters who feel real, not just because of their witty dialogue or mysterious pasts, but due to their relatability, their flaws, their triumphs, and their growth.

They have started weaving worlds where magic and politics dance in harmony, and where morality is more nuanced than simple black and white.

Hobb’s Farseer Trilogy, an understated game-changer, has left a mark on the sand of fantasy literature that’s as enduring as a dragon’s footprint.

After all, who needs a knight in shining armour when you can have a complex, evolving hero with a knack for assassination?

If you enjoy reading about flawed characters, you might enjoy my Dawn of Assassins series.

You can read the prequel novel Birth of Assassins for free as part of the Ravengass Universe starter library.

From Shadows to Steel: Evolution of the Assassin Fantasy Genre

Dive into the evolution of the assassin fantasy genre, from ancient folklore to modern literature. Explore classic tales, seminal works, and today’s intricate narratives that mix mystery, action, and moral ambiguity.

Throughout the vast realms of fantasy literature, there exists a subgenre that focuses on the moral ambiguities of being a killer—the assassin fantasy genre.

From the mysterious and silent killers of ancient tales to the morally complex anti-heroes of modern sagas, the portrayal of assassins in literature has evolved significantly over time.

Today, we’ll delve into the evolution of the assassin fantasy genre, exploring its earliest examples and tracing its development into the modern day.

Origins: Shadows in the Pages

The roots of the assassin fantasy genre can be traced back to ancient civilizations and folklore.

Stories of assassins and their deadly skills have captivated audiences across different cultures.

Ancient texts such as “One Thousand and One Nights” (Arabian Nights) contain tales of skilled killers like the legendary Sinbad, whose exploits blurred the line between hero and assassin.

These early examples showcased the mystique and cunning of assassins, establishing the foundation for the genre.

Assassin Fantasy in Classic Literature

The 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the emergence of classic literature that incorporated assassin characters.

One of the most notable works was Alexandre Dumas’ “The Count of Monte Cristo.”

Although not primarily an assassin fantasy, it featured the protagonist Edmond Dantès adopting the persona of the Count to exact his revenge.

Dumas’ novel, with its themes of hidden identities, intricate plots, and morally ambiguous characters, set the stage for future developments in the genre.

Rise of the Modern Assassin Fantasy

The modern era marked a significant shift in the portrayal of assassins.

This transformation can be attributed to groundbreaking works such as Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser series by Fritz Leiber, which began in the 1930s.

Leiber’s characters, Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser, were skilled swordsman-thieves who, at times, were employed as assassins.

This series showcased complex anti-heroes operating in a morally gray world, reflecting the shifting perspectives of readers.

In the 1990s, the assassin fantasy genre experienced a surge in popularity with the publication of Robin Hobb’s Farseer Trilogy. Hobb introduced readers to FitzChivalry Farseer, a royal assassin plagued by inner conflicts and external challenges.

Through Fitz’s journey, Hobb delved into themes of loyalty, sacrifice, and the psychological toll of a life bound to shadows and death.

This series ignited a fascination with morally complex assassins and their tormented souls.

The Modern-Day Assassin: A Multifaceted Hero

In contemporary literature, the assassin fantasy genre has evolved to embrace diverse representations of assassins.

Authors like Brent Weeks, with his Night Angel Trilogy, and Jay Kristoff, with the Nevernight Chronicle, have contributed to the genre’s evolution by creating protagonists who are both deadly killers and complex individuals with rich backstories and personal motivations.

These narratives explore the grey areas of morality, offering readers a chance to explore the complexities of the human condition.

Appeal and Enduring Allure

The assassin fantasy genre continues to captivate readers due to several key factors.

First, the enigmatic nature of assassins, shrouded in secrecy and skill, evokes a sense of fascination and curiosity.

Their lethal abilities and the danger they face in their treacherous world create an exhilarating reading experience.

Moreover, the exploration of morally ambiguous characters challenges readers’ perceptions of right and wrong, delving into complex ethical dilemmas.

Furthermore, assassins often navigate treacherous political landscapes, unveiling conspiracies and unveiling hidden truths.

These stories offer a thrilling blend of action, suspense, and intricate plotting, keeping readers on the edge of their seats.

The internal conflicts faced by assassins, as they grapple with their choices and the consequences of their actions, add depth and emotional resonance to the narratives.

10 Essential Assassin Fantasy Reads

“The Blade Itself” by Joe Abercrombie

“The Blade Itself” introduces readers to a gritty and dark world filled with complex characters. Set in a land on the brink of war, the story follows a diverse cast, including Inquisitor Glokta, a former swordsman turned torturer; Logen Ninefingers, a legendary warrior seeking redemption; and Jezal dan Luthar, a self-centered nobleman. Abercrombie’s skillful characterisation and vivid world-building create a compelling narrative that explores themes of power, betrayal, and the blurred lines between heroism and villainy.

“Throne of Glass” by Sarah J. Maas

In “Throne of Glass,” Sarah J. Maas presents readers with a tale of an assassin named Celaena Sardothien. Once the most feared assassin in the kingdom, Celaena finds herself imprisoned and offered a chance at freedom by competing in a deadly tournament. As she navigates the treacherous world of court politics and supernatural forces, Celaena’s journey unfolds with intrigue, romance, and surprising alliances. Maas’ writing captivates readers with its blend of action, magic, and a strong-willed protagonist who must confront her past while forging her future.

“The Lies of Locke Lamora” by Scott Lynch

“The Lies of Locke Lamora” follows the exploits of Locke Lamora, a charming thief and con artist in the city of Camorr. Lynch’s novel combines elements of fantasy, heists, and political intrigue as Locke and his band of fellow thieves get embroiled in a dangerous game with a mysterious antagonist known as the Gray King. The book weaves intricate plots and clever schemes while showcasing a richly detailed city and complex characters. Lynch’s prose is witty, immersive, and filled with twists and turns that keep readers guessing until the very end.

“Assassin’s Apprentice” by Robin Hobb

Assassin’s Apprentice” is the first book in Robin Hobb’s Farseer Trilogy, introducing readers to FitzChivalry Farseer, a royal bastard who becomes an apprentice to the kingdom’s assassin. Hobb delves deep into Fitz’s coming-of-age story, exploring his struggles with identity, loyalty, and the burdens of his secret heritage. As Fitz learns the art of assassination, he also discovers the high-stakes political landscape and the challenges of being entangled in the kingdom’s intrigues. Hobb’s exquisite prose and introspective narrative style create an emotionally rich and immersive reading experience.

“Nevernight” by Jay Kristoff

“Nevernight” introduces readers to Mia Corvere, a young woman seeking revenge against those who destroyed her family. In a world where three suns never truly set, Mia trains to become an assassin in the Red Church, an institution that worships the goddess of murder. Jay Kristoff’s writing blends dark fantasy, intricate world-building, and poetic prose to create a gripping tale of vengeance, ambition, and the blurred lines between light and shadow. Mia’s journey is filled with political intrigue, deadly trials, and a touch of forbidden romance.

“Graceling” by Kristin Cashore:

In “Graceling,” Kristin Cashore presents a realm where certain individuals are born with Graces—unique and extraordinary talents. The protagonist, Katsa, possesses a killing Grace and is forced to serve as a deadly weapon for her king. However, as she questions her purpose and fights against oppression, Katsa discovers her own agency and embarks on a quest that challenges her beliefs. Cashore’s novel combines elements of adventure, romance, and self-discovery, crafting a compelling narrative that explores themes of power, choice, and the search for personal identity.

“Kushiel’s Dart” by Jacqueline Carey

Set in a richly imagined alternate version of medieval Europe, “Kushiel’s Dart” follows Phèdre nó Delaunay, a courtesan-spy with a unique ability to experience pleasure and pain as one. As she delves into political intrigue and uncovers conspiracies, Phèdre’s journey takes her across continents, unveiling a complex web of power struggles and forbidden desires. Jacqueline Carey’s novel blends elements of romance, politics, and adventure, creating a lush and sensual narrative that explores themes of love, loyalty, and the consequences of choices made.

“The Way of Shadows” by Brent Weeks

“The Way of Shadows” introduces readers to Azoth, a young orphan in a corrupt city who dreams of becoming the world’s greatest assassin. Under the tutelage of master assassin Durzo Blint, Azoth faces trials that test his skills, resilience, and morality. Brent Weeks’ debut novel combines elements of coming-of-age, dark fantasy, and intricate world-building to deliver a tale of secrets, political intrigue, and the high cost of power. The story delves into the shadows of a morally gray world, exploring themes of sacrifice, redemption, and the search for identity.

“Red Sister” by Mark Lawrence

In “Red Sister,” Mark Lawrence presents a world where young girls are trained in the art of combat and assassination within the walls of the Convent of Sweet Mercy. The story follows Nona Grey, a girl with extraordinary abilities, as she navigates a dangerous and divided empire. Lawrence’s novel combines elements of fantasy, mystery, and action, immersing readers in a complex world filled with ancient prophecies, rival factions, and deadly adversaries. The book explores themes of friendship, loyalty, and the resilience of the human spirit.

“The Emperor’s Blades” by Brian Staveley

“The Emperor’s Blades” is the first installment of the Chronicles of the Unhewn Throne trilogy. The story follows three siblings—Kaden, Valyn, and Adare—as they face separate challenges in a world torn by war and political turmoil. Kaden trains in a remote monastery, Valyn becomes an elite warrior, and Adare fights for political power. Brian Staveley weaves together a tale of treachery, family loyalty, and the struggle for survival. The book features complex characters, intricate world-building, and a plot that intertwines personal journeys with larger geopolitical conflicts.

The assassin fantasy genre has evolved from ancient tales to modern narratives that explore the complexities of assassins, their moral dilemmas, and their treacherous worlds.

With a rich tapestry of characters and intricate plots, these stories continue to captivate readers by combining elements of mystery, action, and introspection.

Whether you’re drawn to the enigmatic nature of assassins or the exploration of moral ambiguity, the assassin fantasy genre offers a thrilling and thought-provoking reading experience. So, dive into the shadows and steel, and discover the fascinating world of assassins in literature.

The Unbreakable Bonds: A Look at Bromances in Fantasy Literature

Embark on a journey through fantasy literature’s memorable bromances, from Gentleman Bastards to the unforgettable duo in Stormlight Archive.

As avid readers of fantasy literature will attest, there’s little in this genre that captures our hearts and imaginations quite like a good bromance.

These intimate friendships, often between two (occasionally more) men, present an opportunity for deep character development, exhilarating adventures, and emotional resonance that many of us can relate to.

But fear not, this isn’t a dissertation on the sociological aspects of male bonding in fiction.

Think of it as a merry skip through the flowering fields of fantasy bromances, occasionally stopping to point and exclaim, “Look at those guys, aren’t they just great together!”

Locke and Jean

First up, let’s pop in to visit the Gentleman Bastards.

If ever there was a tale that warmed the cockles of your heart with its hearty bromance, it’s Scott Lynch’s series.

Locke Lamora and Jean Tannen have the kind of bond that makes you want to cry into your ale.

They’re thieves, con-artists, and brothers in all but blood.

They banter, they bicker, and they save each other’s backsides with alarming regularity.

That’s the thing about Locke and Jean—it’s not just about fighting the baddies together, it’s about saving each other from their own worst habits.

Hadrian and Royce

In a similar vein, we have the unforgettable duo of Hadrian and Royce from Michael J. Sullivan’s Riyria Revelations.

What starts as a business partnership between a kind-hearted warrior and a cynical thief eventually blossoms into an unshakable friendship that’s full of witty banter and nail-biting escapades.

It’s quite like if you took a shilling for every time they save each other, you’d be as rich as the king in no time.

The Greatcoats

Now let’s take a detour through Sebastien de Castell‘s ‘Greatcoats’ series.

The Greatcoats themselves—Falcio, Kest, and Brasti—have a friendship that can only be described as…well, coat of arms deep.

They squabble like schoolboys one moment and are ready to take a sword for each other the next.

Not to mention their synchronised cloak-swirling—that’s some real friend goals there.

Clay and Gabriel

But hold your horses…or should I say wyverns?

Nicholas Eames’ ‘Kings of the Wyld’ series boasts Clay Cooper and Gabriel.

These two old warriors come out of retirement for one last hurrah, enduring all manner of beasts and bedlam.

Their banter will have you chuckling like a goblin on giggleweed, but at the same time, their loyalty will make you sob like a heartbroken dragon.

An emotional rollercoaster, isn’t it?

Jon and Samwell

Next stop is at the frosty wall of Westeros.

If you listen closely, you might just hear the sound of Jon Snow and Samwell Tarley’s friendship, a heartwarming chord that rings true even amidst the incessant chill.

In George R.R. Martin’s ‘A Song of Ice and Fire,’ Jon and Sam start as green boys at the Night’s Watch but soon develop an enduring friendship that weathers both White Walkers and the politics of the realm.

Jon, the brooding bastard, and Sam, the self-deprecating scholar, are as different as ice and fire, but they stick together like two wights in a snowstorm.

Kaladin and Adolin

Our next bromance takes us to the ‘Stormlight Archive’ by Brandon Sanderson, where we meet the mighty Kaladin and the charismatic Adolin Kholin.

Although their friendship starts on rocky grounds (and who can blame them—class tensions, haunted pasts, and all that), they grow to rely on each other.

Adolin might be the charming prince, and Kaladin a brooding ex-slave, but their friendship shines brighter than a Shardblade in battle.

Plus, nothing says ‘bromance’ quite like fighting an ancient, desolate evil together, does it?

Harry and Ron

Harry Potter and Ron Weasley from J.K. Rowling’s ‘Harry Potter’ series undoubtedly deserve a mention.

Despite the magic and mayhem of Hogwarts, these two chaps stick together through thick and thin (and troll encounters).

0They’re the epitome of childhood friends turned lifelong companions.

It’s a true bromance when your mate is willing to face down You-Know-Who and play life-threatening chess for you.

Kvothe and Simmon

Turning the pages to Patrick Rothfuss’s ‘The Kingkiller Chronicle,’ we find the bond between Kvothe and Simmon.

Kvothe might be the protagonist, the dramatic hero with a tragic past, but it’s Simmon’s steady loyalty that lights up their friendship.

Sim is there through Kvothe’s ups, downs, and frequent tavern brawls.

Sure, Simmon might not be a legendary hero or a magical prodigy, but he’s a bloody good made, and isn’t that what counts?

Kennit and Wintrow

Next, we whisk ourselves to the high seas of Robin Hobb’s ‘Liveship Traders.’

Here, we witness the understated, deeply emotional bond between Captain Kennit and his shipmate Wintrow Vestrit.

Their relationship may start with coercion, but it evolves into an unexpected friendship full of emotional depth.

It’s a rare bromance, crafted masterfully by Hobb, and one that’s hard to forget.

Frodo and Sam

And of course, how can any discussion about bromances in fantasy literature be complete without mentioning Samwise Gamgee and Frodo Baggins from ‘The Lord of the Rings?’

Their enduring, pure, and simple friendship as they journey through Middle Earth is stuff of legends. Sam carrying Frodo up Mount Doom is nothing short of bromance in its most epic form.

“I can’t carry it for you, but I can carry you.”

If you’re not a tad teary after that, well, I’m afraid you might just be a stone troll.

Honourable mention: FitzChivalry and Nighteyes

Our exploration of bromances in fantasy literature would be woefully incomplete without delving into the peculiar, profound relationship that transcends the barriers of species: FitzChivalry Farseer and Nighteyes from Robin Hobb’s ‘Farseer Trilogy.’

You see, the ‘bromance’ that Fitz, the royal bastard, shares with Nighteyes, his wolf companion, is quite unlike any other we’ve discussed so far.

It’s not just friendship, it’s a ‘soulship’ if you will, a bond of minds and spirits.

Through the Wit (a form of magic that allows telepathic and empathic bonds with animals), these two are bound together in ways that redefine the traditional concepts of friendship.

Nighteyes isn’t just Fitz’s pet or even his sidekick—he’s his confidant, his moral compass, and quite frankly, the sensible one in the pair (and yes, we’re talking about a wolf here).

When you have a wolf advising you on your love life, you know you’ve got something unique.

Their banter (if you can call telepathic wolf-human conversations that) is full of playful humour and wisdom.

It’s touching how Nighteyes, the wolf, often ends up being the one teaching Fitz about loyalty, courage, and living in the moment.

One might even say he’s the real hero of the story—Fitz certainly wouldn’t be the same without him.

But it’s not all sunshine and howls—their bond carries a profound sense of melancholy too.

As readers, we’re reminded of the fleeting nature of Nighteyes’ life compared to Fitz’s, a fact that lends an additional depth to their relationship.

It’s this blend of love, wisdom, and impending heartbreak that makes their bond feel so real and resonates with readers even after they close the book.

And in the echoing words of Nighteyes, “We are pack.”

It’s friendships like these that teach us the true magic in fantasy isn’t always about casting spells or slaying monsters—sometimes, it’s about having someone who’ll stand by your side, laugh at your bad jokes, and help you pick yourself up when you’ve had one too many pints of dwarven ale.

And aren’t those just the best types of friendships?

If you love a good bromance in fantasy, you might enjoy my Dawn of Assassins series which centres around the friendship of Fedor and Lev.

Read the prequel novel Birth of Assassins for free as part of your starter library.

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